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Table 2 Nested logistic regression models for perinatal mortality

From: Maternal social determinants of health: the hidden face of perinatal mortality in Mexico

Variable

Model 1

Maternal Health Model

Model 2

+ Basic Socioeconomic Indicators

Model 3

+ Social Support

Model 4

+ Overcrowding and Poverty

Model 5

+ Vulnerability Indices

OR

(95% CI)

p value

OR

(95% CI)

p value

OR

(95% CI)

p value

OR

(95% CI)

p value

OR

(95% CI)

p value

Maternal Age

0.986

(0.956–1.018)

0.391

0.986

(0.955–1.017)

0.365

0.985

(0.954–1.016)

0.336

0.983

(0.952–1.015)

0.303

0.982

(0.950–1.014)

0.269

Spontaneous pregnancy

1.119

(0.145–8.645)

0.914

1.068

(0.138–8.260)

0.950

1.047

(0.133–8.215)

0.965

0.971

(0.122–7.688)

0.978

0.685

(0.088–5.318)

0.717

Smoker

1.403

(0.589–3.339)

0.444

1.453

(0.611–3.457)

0.398

1.478

(0.621–3.520)

0.377

1.440

(0.603–3.438)

0.411

1.660

(0.701–3.932)

0.249

Other Drugs (Cocaine/Heroin)

4.301

(1.277–14.480)

0.019

4.308

(1.287–14.423)

0.018

4.064

(1.188–13.906)

0.025

3.891

(1.126–13.448)

0.032

3.109

(0.842–11.878)

0.089

Preexisting Diabetes

0.300

(0.058–1.556)

0.152

0.299

(0.055–1.617)

0.161

0.276

(0.048–1.575)

0.148

0.277

(0.049–1.553)

0.145

0.304

(0.053–1.764)

0.184

Chronic Hypertension

2.582

(0.878–7.593)

0.085

2.615

(0.885–7.732)

0.082

2.426

(0.814–7.229)

0.112

2.263

(0.754–6.787)

0.145

2.185

(0.708–6.742)

0.174

Lupus

3.161

(0.691–14.457)

0.138

3.174

(0.701–14.370)

0.134

2.889

(0.630-13.246)

0.172

3.355

(0.725–15.516)

0.121

3.052

(0.652–14.292)

0.157

APS

14.548

(3.323–63.696)

< 0.001

11.800

(2.498–55.741)

0.002

11.058

(2.226–54.924)

0.003

9.532

(1.859–48.883)

0.007

10.049

(1.843–54.803)

0.008

PCOS

0.871

(0.113–6.682)

0.894

0.926

(0.120–7.145)

0.941

0.949

(0.122–7.370)

0.960

1.002

(0.129–7.812)

0.998

0.928

(0.114–7.543)

0.944

Hypothyroidism

0.675

(0.267–1.707)

0.406

0.687

(0.269–1.752)

0.432

0.696

(0.272–1.787)

0.452

0.729

(0.282–1.883)

0.514

0.812

(0.310–2.124)

0.671

Previous PE

0.963

(0.371-2.500)

0.938

1.080

(0.414–2.819)

0.875

1.110

(0.423–2.913)

0.832

1.178

(0.447–3.098)

0.740

1.165

(0.427–3.182)

0.766

Previous RCF

1.454

(0.543–3.888)

0.456

1.415

(0.525–3.810)

0.493

1.386

(0.511–3.754)

0.521

1.421

(0.525–3.844)

0.489

1.226

(0.441–3.404)

0.696

Mother with PE

1.033

(0.366–2.915)

0.951

1.086

(0.384–3.070)

0.876

1.097

(0.386–3.120)

0.861

1.189

(0.416–3.398)

0.746

1.096

(0.374–3.216)

0.867

pBMI

1.094

(1.034–1.156)

0.002

1.093

(1.033–1.156)

0.002

1.090

(1.030–1.153)

0.003

1.090

(1.029–1.155)

0.003

1.088

(1.026–1.153)

0.004

Gestational Age at delivery

0.513

(0.451–0.583)

< 0.001

0.512

(0.450–0.583)

< 0.001

0.512

(0.449–0.583)

< 0.001

0.508

(0.445–0.579)

< 0.001

0.510

(0.447–0.583)

< 0.001

Current PE

2.120

(0.833–5.399)

0.115

2.214

(0.866–5.660)

0.097

2.135

(0.826–5.519)

0.117

1.989

(0.767–5.161)

0.157

1.858

(0.694–4.974)

0.218

Current RCF

2.917

(1.441–5.904)

0.003

2.852

(1.403–5.796)

0.004

2.891

(1.421–5.881)

0.003

2.978

(1.463–6.064)

0.003

2.929

(1.399–6.135)

0.004

Nulliparity

0.993

(0.588–1.676)

0.978

1.010

(0.597–1.710)

0.969

0.996

(0.586–1.690)

0.987

0.971

(0.569–1.654)

0.913

0.945

(0.550–1.625)

0.839

Marital Status

  

1.002

(0.719–1.397)

0.991

1.002

(0.718–1.399)

0.990

1.010

(0.722–1.412)

0.913

1.058

(0.749–1.494)

0.749

Education

  

0.929

(0.719–1.199)

0.570

0.909

(0.703–1.176)

0.468

0.896

(0.691–1.163)

0.410

0.873

(0.671–1.135)

0.310

Health Insurance

  

0.554 (0.319–0.962)

0.036

0.566

(0.324–0.989)

0.046

0.591

(0.336–1.040)

0.068

0.586

(0.329–1.041)

0.068

High Social Support

    

0.428

(0.204-0.900)

0.025

0.433

(0.205–0.916)

0.029

0.511

(0.239–1.093)

0.083

Medium Social Support

    

0.701

(0.383–1.280)

0.247

0.685

(0.373–1.258)

0.223

0.748

(0.403–1.390)

0.359

Gender Violence

    

1.937

(0.767–4.894)

0.162

1.708

(0.669–4.358)

0.263

1.483

(0.575–3.826)

0.415

Overcrowding

      

2.073

(0.882–4.871)

0.095

1.741

(0.729–4.159)

0.212

Poverty

      

1.553

(0.764–3.155)

0.224

1.139

(0.549–2.364)

0.726

Extreme Poverty

      

1.522

(0.529–4.377)

0.435

1.817

(0.622–5.311)

0.275

High Vulnerability

        

5.332

(2.485–11.443)

< 0.001

Medium Vulnerability

        

3.084

(1.528–6.222)

0.002

LR Chi-squared

199.09

< 0.001

4.30

0.231

6.59

0.861

8.04

0.045

21.48

< 0.001

  1. The table presents the results of five nested logistic regression models, each constructed through the stepwise addition of variable sets to evaluate their contribution to model fit and predictive performance. The odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p values are displayed for each variable across the different models. The models were developed to identify factors associated with perinatal mortality, considering clinical, socioeconomic, social support, gender violence, overcrowding, poverty, and vulnerability variables. Significant variables (p < 0.05) are highlighted in the table. APS: Antiphospholipid syndrome; PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome; PE: Preeclampsia; FGR: Foetal Growth Restriction