From: Maternal social determinants of health: the hidden face of perinatal mortality in Mexico
Variable | Model 1 Maternal Health Model | Model 2 + Basic Socioeconomic Indicators | Model 3 + Social Support | Model 4 + Overcrowding and Poverty | Model 5 + Vulnerability Indices | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
Maternal Age | 0.986 (0.956–1.018) | 0.391 | 0.986 (0.955–1.017) | 0.365 | 0.985 (0.954–1.016) | 0.336 | 0.983 (0.952–1.015) | 0.303 | 0.982 (0.950–1.014) | 0.269 |
Spontaneous pregnancy | 1.119 (0.145–8.645) | 0.914 | 1.068 (0.138–8.260) | 0.950 | 1.047 (0.133–8.215) | 0.965 | 0.971 (0.122–7.688) | 0.978 | 0.685 (0.088–5.318) | 0.717 |
Smoker | 1.403 (0.589–3.339) | 0.444 | 1.453 (0.611–3.457) | 0.398 | 1.478 (0.621–3.520) | 0.377 | 1.440 (0.603–3.438) | 0.411 | 1.660 (0.701–3.932) | 0.249 |
Other Drugs (Cocaine/Heroin) | 4.301 (1.277–14.480) | 0.019 | 4.308 (1.287–14.423) | 0.018 | 4.064 (1.188–13.906) | 0.025 | 3.891 (1.126–13.448) | 0.032 | 3.109 (0.842–11.878) | 0.089 |
Preexisting Diabetes | 0.300 (0.058–1.556) | 0.152 | 0.299 (0.055–1.617) | 0.161 | 0.276 (0.048–1.575) | 0.148 | 0.277 (0.049–1.553) | 0.145 | 0.304 (0.053–1.764) | 0.184 |
Chronic Hypertension | 2.582 (0.878–7.593) | 0.085 | 2.615 (0.885–7.732) | 0.082 | 2.426 (0.814–7.229) | 0.112 | 2.263 (0.754–6.787) | 0.145 | 2.185 (0.708–6.742) | 0.174 |
Lupus | 3.161 (0.691–14.457) | 0.138 | 3.174 (0.701–14.370) | 0.134 | 2.889 (0.630-13.246) | 0.172 | 3.355 (0.725–15.516) | 0.121 | 3.052 (0.652–14.292) | 0.157 |
APS | 14.548 (3.323–63.696) | < 0.001 | 11.800 (2.498–55.741) | 0.002 | 11.058 (2.226–54.924) | 0.003 | 9.532 (1.859–48.883) | 0.007 | 10.049 (1.843–54.803) | 0.008 |
PCOS | 0.871 (0.113–6.682) | 0.894 | 0.926 (0.120–7.145) | 0.941 | 0.949 (0.122–7.370) | 0.960 | 1.002 (0.129–7.812) | 0.998 | 0.928 (0.114–7.543) | 0.944 |
Hypothyroidism | 0.675 (0.267–1.707) | 0.406 | 0.687 (0.269–1.752) | 0.432 | 0.696 (0.272–1.787) | 0.452 | 0.729 (0.282–1.883) | 0.514 | 0.812 (0.310–2.124) | 0.671 |
Previous PE | 0.963 (0.371-2.500) | 0.938 | 1.080 (0.414–2.819) | 0.875 | 1.110 (0.423–2.913) | 0.832 | 1.178 (0.447–3.098) | 0.740 | 1.165 (0.427–3.182) | 0.766 |
Previous RCF | 1.454 (0.543–3.888) | 0.456 | 1.415 (0.525–3.810) | 0.493 | 1.386 (0.511–3.754) | 0.521 | 1.421 (0.525–3.844) | 0.489 | 1.226 (0.441–3.404) | 0.696 |
Mother with PE | 1.033 (0.366–2.915) | 0.951 | 1.086 (0.384–3.070) | 0.876 | 1.097 (0.386–3.120) | 0.861 | 1.189 (0.416–3.398) | 0.746 | 1.096 (0.374–3.216) | 0.867 |
pBMI | 1.094 (1.034–1.156) | 0.002 | 1.093 (1.033–1.156) | 0.002 | 1.090 (1.030–1.153) | 0.003 | 1.090 (1.029–1.155) | 0.003 | 1.088 (1.026–1.153) | 0.004 |
Gestational Age at delivery | 0.513 (0.451–0.583) | < 0.001 | 0.512 (0.450–0.583) | < 0.001 | 0.512 (0.449–0.583) | < 0.001 | 0.508 (0.445–0.579) | < 0.001 | 0.510 (0.447–0.583) | < 0.001 |
Current PE | 2.120 (0.833–5.399) | 0.115 | 2.214 (0.866–5.660) | 0.097 | 2.135 (0.826–5.519) | 0.117 | 1.989 (0.767–5.161) | 0.157 | 1.858 (0.694–4.974) | 0.218 |
Current RCF | 2.917 (1.441–5.904) | 0.003 | 2.852 (1.403–5.796) | 0.004 | 2.891 (1.421–5.881) | 0.003 | 2.978 (1.463–6.064) | 0.003 | 2.929 (1.399–6.135) | 0.004 |
Nulliparity | 0.993 (0.588–1.676) | 0.978 | 1.010 (0.597–1.710) | 0.969 | 0.996 (0.586–1.690) | 0.987 | 0.971 (0.569–1.654) | 0.913 | 0.945 (0.550–1.625) | 0.839 |
Marital Status |  |  | 1.002 (0.719–1.397) | 0.991 | 1.002 (0.718–1.399) | 0.990 | 1.010 (0.722–1.412) | 0.913 | 1.058 (0.749–1.494) | 0.749 |
Education |  |  | 0.929 (0.719–1.199) | 0.570 | 0.909 (0.703–1.176) | 0.468 | 0.896 (0.691–1.163) | 0.410 | 0.873 (0.671–1.135) | 0.310 |
Health Insurance |  |  | 0.554 (0.319–0.962) | 0.036 | 0.566 (0.324–0.989) | 0.046 | 0.591 (0.336–1.040) | 0.068 | 0.586 (0.329–1.041) | 0.068 |
High Social Support |  |  |  |  | 0.428 (0.204-0.900) | 0.025 | 0.433 (0.205–0.916) | 0.029 | 0.511 (0.239–1.093) | 0.083 |
Medium Social Support |  |  |  |  | 0.701 (0.383–1.280) | 0.247 | 0.685 (0.373–1.258) | 0.223 | 0.748 (0.403–1.390) | 0.359 |
Gender Violence |  |  |  |  | 1.937 (0.767–4.894) | 0.162 | 1.708 (0.669–4.358) | 0.263 | 1.483 (0.575–3.826) | 0.415 |
Overcrowding |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.073 (0.882–4.871) | 0.095 | 1.741 (0.729–4.159) | 0.212 |
Poverty |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.553 (0.764–3.155) | 0.224 | 1.139 (0.549–2.364) | 0.726 |
Extreme Poverty |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.522 (0.529–4.377) | 0.435 | 1.817 (0.622–5.311) | 0.275 |
High Vulnerability |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.332 (2.485–11.443) | < 0.001 |
Medium Vulnerability |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.084 (1.528–6.222) | 0.002 |
LR Chi-squared | 199.09 | < 0.001 | 4.30 | 0.231 | 6.59 | 0.861 | 8.04 | 0.045 | 21.48 | < 0.001 |