Table 3 Trends in the frequency of primary and specialized outpatient visits among patients. Concentration index (before need-standardization) and horizontal inequity index (after need-standardized) shown for each year. Need proxied by psychological distress
Household income, quintiles | 2006/2007 | 2010/2011 | 2014/2015 | 2021/2022 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of outpatient visits | Need-predicted number of outpatient visits | Need-standardized number of outpatient visits | Observed number of outpatient visits | Need-predicted number of outpatient visits | Need-standardized number of outpatient visits | Observed number of outpatient visits | Need-predicted number of outpatient visits | Need-standardized number of outpatient visits | Observed number of outpatient visits | Need-predicted number of outpatient visits | Need-standardized number of outpatient visits | |
Low | 7.5 | 2.7 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 1.7 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 2.3 | 5.8 |
2 | 5.9 | 2.6 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 2.2 | 5.0 |
3 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 1.7 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 2.2 | 5.3 |
4 | 4.4 | 2.7 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 2.0 | 4.9 |
High | 4.0 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 4.8 |
CI | -0.111*** | -0.008 n.s | -0.106*** | -0.010* | -0.052* | -0.010 n.s | -0.056** | -0.043*** | ||||
HI | -0.108*** | -0.105*** | -0.051* | -0.039* | ||||||||