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Table 2 Trends in the probability of MHC use across income quintiles. Concentration index (before need-standardization) and horizontal inequity index (after need-standardized) shown for each year. Need proxied by psychological distress

From: More or less equal? Trends in horizontal equity in mental health care utilization in Stockholm county, Sweden (2006–2022). Repeated survey-registry linked studies

Household income, quintiles

2006/2007

2010/2011

2014/2015

2021/2022

Observed MHC use

Need-predicted MHC use

Need-standardized MHC use

Observed MHC use

Need-predicted MHC use

Need-standardized MHC use

Observed MHC use

Need-predicted MHC use

Need-standardized MHC use

Observed MHC use

Need-predicted MHC use

Need-standardized MHC use

Low

17.7%

15.1%

15.9%

19.2%

15.4%

17.7%

23.3%

16.9%

22.1%

23.1%

20.8%

20.0%

2

15.0%

13.4%

14.8%

15.4%

14.1%

15.3%

16.3%

15.9%

15.9%

19.6%

18.9%

18.3%

3

12.4%

12.8%

12.8%

12.3%

13.4%

12.9%

14.5%

15.1%

14.9%

17.6%

17.3%

18.2%

4

12.1%

12.4%

13.0%

12.3%

13.0%

13.1%

12.6%

14.8%

13.2%

17.6%

16.6%

18.9%

High

11.3%

12.0%

12.5%

11.9%

12.8%

12.8%

12.1%

14.4%

13.2%

14.2%

15.0%

17.2%

CI

-0.108***

-0.054***

 

-0.122***

-0.046***

 

-0.166***

-0.039***

 

-0.117***

-0.082***

 

HI

  

-0.057***

  

-0.081***

  

-0.130***

  

-0.034*

  1. Notes: Significance of Concentration indices: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001; n.s – not significant; HI – Horizontal Inequity indices; Models controlled for education, sex, age-group and migration status
  2. Distress measured using the GHQ-12 in the first three waves (2006–2014) and Kessler 6 in 2021