Socioeconomic Inequity in Access to Medical and Long-Term Care Among Older People

Table 4 Concentration indices for medical and long-term care use in each wave

			2002	2006	2012	2017	2021
Forgone medical care	Education	Concentration index			-0.02	0.11	-0.02
		SE			0.07	0.07	0.08
		P-value			0.73	0.11	0.80
		N			2,044	1,264	1,542
	Income	Concentration index			-0.09	-0.00	0.04
		SE			0.08	0.08	0.09
		P-value			0.26	0.99	0.63
		N			1,744	1,103	1,224
Unmet need for long-term care	Education	Concentration index	-0.13	0.03	-0.00	-0.04	0.05
		SE	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.09
		P-value	< 0.05	0.60	0.99	0.55	0.58
		N	442	385	471	320	157
	Income	Concentration index	-0.14	-0.16	-0.07	-0.03	0.07
		SE	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.12
		P-value	< 0.05	< 0.05	0.30	0.71	0.54
		N	376	300	381	256	118
Non-standardised long-term care use	Education	Concentration index	0.11	0.22	0.12	-0.00	0.16
		SE	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.10
		P-value	0.08	< 0.01	< 0.05	0.96	0.09
		N	442	385	471	320	157
	Income	Concentration index	0.07	0.08	0.14	0.07	0.08
		SE	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.11
		P-value	0.34	0.25	< 0.05	0.42	0.49
		N	376	300	381	256	118
Standardised long-term care use	Education	Concentration index	0.07	0.12	0.09	-0.00	0.08
		SE	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05
		P-value	0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.94	0.13
		N	442	385	471	320	157
	Income	Concentration index	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.03	0.06
		SE	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.06
		P-value	0.32	0.17	< 0.05	0.43	0.33
		N	376	300	381	256	118

Note: Standard errors (SE) are adjusted for clusters in each respondent; Wagstaff indices are presented; and estimates are weighted by both cross-sectional and longitudinal weights. Income refers to couples’ income, which is equivalised by the marital status and residualised by employment status

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