Table 1 Bivariate analysis of factors associated with LTFU or mortality among HERE study participants
Explanatory variables | Total n (column %) | Retained in care n (row %) | Lost to follow up or Deceased n (row %) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Gender | ||||
Female | 112 (31.6) | 91 (81.3) | 21 (18.8) | 0.068 |
Male | 240 (67.8) | 169 (70.4) | 71 (29.6) | |
Other | 2 (0.6) | 2 (100) | 0 | |
Age | ||||
Median years (Q1-Q3) | 50 (40–59) | 49 (41–58) | 51 (40–60) | 0.523 |
Homelessness experience | ||||
Currently homeless | 86 (24.3) | 67 (77.9) | 19 (22.1) | 0.281 |
Homeless < 3 months ago but not currently | 88 (24.9) | 61 (69.3) | 27 (30.7) | |
Homeless > 3 months ago | 135 (38.1) | 104 (77.0) | 31 (23.0) | |
Never been homeless | 44 (12.4) | 29 (65.9) | 15 (34.1) | |
Total annual income | ||||
< $10,000 | 117 (33.1) | 84 (71.8) | 33 (28.2) | 0.950 |
$10,000 - $19,999 | 200 (56.5) | 148 (74) | 52 (26) | |
$20,000 - $29,999 | 18 (5.1) | 14 (77.8) | 4 (22.2) | |
≥ $30,000 | 5 (1.4) | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | |
Food security | ||||
Not sufficient | 294 (83.1) | 217 (73.8) | 77 (26.2) | 0.570 |
Sufficient | 45 (12.7) | 35 (77.8) | 10 (22.2) | |
Physician diagnosed medical conditions | ||||
Opioid use disorder | ||||
No | 139 (39.3) | 88 (63.3) | 51 (36.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 215 (60.7) | 174 (80.9) | 41 (19.1) | |
Stimulant use disorder | ||||
No | 194 (54.8) | 130 (67.0) | 64 (33.0) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 160 (45.2) | 132 (82.5) | 28 (17.5) | |
Alcohol use disorder | ||||
No | 280 (79.1) | 214 (76.4) | 66 (23.6) | 0.044 |
Yes | 74 (20.9) | 48 (64.9) | 26 (35.1) | |
Anxiety | ||||
No | 262 (74.0) | 191 (72.9) | 71 (27.1) | 0.421 |
Yes | 92 (26.0) | 71 (77.2) | 21 (22.8) | |
Depression | ||||
No | 278 (78.5) | 203 (73.0) | 75 (27.0) | 0.417 |
Yes | 76 (21.5) | 59 (77.6) | 17 (22.4) | |
Cardiovascular disease | ||||
No | 270 (76.3) | 198 (73.3) | 72 (26.7) | 0.602 |
Yes | 84 (23.7) | 64 (76.2) | 20 (23.8) | |
Hepatitis C | ||||
No | 205 (57.9) | 145 (70.7) | 60 (29.3) | 0.099 |
Yes | 149 (42.1) | 117 (78.5) | 32 (21.5) | |
Asthma | ||||
No | 323 (91.2) | 235 (72.8) | 88 (27.2) | 0.082 |
Yes | 31 (8.8) | 27 (87.1) | 4 (12.9) | |
Anxiety and depression scores at enrollment | ||||
GAD-7 Anxiety score | ||||
< 10 (Minimal to mild) | 206 (58.2) | 147 (71.4) | 59 (28.6) | 0.178 |
≥ 10 (Moderate to severe) | 144 (40.7) | 112 (77.8) | 32 (22.2) | |
CES-D depression score | ||||
< 10 | 230 (65.0) | 70 (65.4) | 37 (34.6) | 0.026 |
≥ 10 (Significant symptoms) | 107 (30.2) | 177 (77.0) | 53 (23.0) | |
Health services visits | ||||
Medical doctor visits | ||||
# per 3 months - Median (Q1-Q3) | 4 (3–5) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 | |
Social worker visits | ||||
# per 3 months - Median (Q1-Q3) | 0.7 (0.2–1.7) | 0.5 (0.1–1.3) | 0.045 |