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Table 4 Individual and neighborhood-level risk factors for aminoglycoside resistant urine cultures in patients meeting eligibility criteria from Tufts Medical Center, 2015–2020

From: Sociodemographic disparities in antibiotic-resistant outpatient urine cultures in a Boston hospital, 2015–2020: a cross-sectional analysis

 

No. Isolates (%)

Primary Analysis

Secondary Analysis

 

Susceptible

(N = 1164)

Resistant

(N = 105)

OR (95% CI)

p-val

OR (95% CI)

p-val

Patient Characteristics

      

Age (Mean, SD)

50.7 (20.1)

59.1 (20.5)

1.02 (1.01, 1.03)

0.000

1.02 (1.01, 1.03)

0.006

Sex (n, %)

      

 Female

1,056 (90.7%)

94 (89.5%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

 

 Male

108 (9.3%)

11 (10.5%)

0.89 (0.46, 1.73)

0.728

0.83 (0.36, 1.93)

0.663

Individual-level Factors

      

Race and Ethnicity* (n, %)

      

Non-Hispanic White

413 (35.5%)

34 (32.4%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Asian

156 (13.4%)

26 (24.8%)

1.91 (1.1, 3.3)

0.372

1.17 (0.58,2.35)

0.665

 Black

126 (10.8%)

12 (11.4%)

1.38 (0.68, 2.78)

0.021

1.32 (0.63, 2.79)

0.465

 Hispanic

50 (4.3%)

4 (3.8%)

0.96 (0.33, 2.85)

0.949

0.68 (0.21, 2.14)

0.509

 Missing

419 (36.0%)

29 (27.6%)

    

Language† (n, %)

      

 English

1031 (88.6%)

79 (75.2%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Other Language

133 (11.4%)

26 (24.8%)

1.99 (1.2, 3.28)

0.007

2.33 (1.13, 4.8)

0.022

Insurance Type‡ (n, %)

      

 Private

593 (50.9%)

43 (41.0%)

Ref

   

 Public

553 (47.5%)

60 (57.1%)

1.18 (0.77, 1.82)

0.446

  

 Missing/Uninsured

18 (1.5%)

2 (1.9%)

    

Neighborhood-level Factors

      

EJ-Designated Census Tract (n, %)

      

 No

446 (38.3%)

40 (38.1%)

Ref

   

 Yes

718 (61.7%)

65 (61.9%)

1.1 (0.73, 1.67)

0.642

  

Pct of Households Identifying as Speaking English Less Than ‘Very Well’ (n, %)

      

 < 25%

918 (78.9%)

73 (69.5%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 ≥ 25%

246 (21.1%)

32 (30.5%)

1.75 (1.12, 2.73)

0.013

1.4 (0.71, 2.76)

0.337

Pct Total that Is a Racial/Ethnic Minority (n, %)

      

 ≤ 40%

597 (51.3%)

49 (46.7%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 > 40%

567 (48.7%)

56 (53.3%)

1.33 (1.12, 2.73)

0.168

1.16 (0.56, 2.37)

0.693

Median Household Income (n, %)

      

 ≥ $54,850

904 (77.7%)

80 (76.2%)

Ref

   

 < $54,850

250 (21.5%)

22 (21.0%)

1.03 (0.63, 1.69)

0.905

  

Median Household Income ($10,000s) (Mean, SD)

8.95 (4.05)

8.81 (3.80)

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

0.571

  

Pct that Did Not Complete High School (Mean, SD)

10.9 (9.05)

12. (10.4)

1.01 (0.99, 1.04)

0.184

0.99 (0.95, 1.03)

0.631

Pct Foreign-born (Mean, SD)

25.8 (14.3)

26.8 (14.2)

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

0.276

  

Pct Living in Households with > 1 Person/Room (Mean, SD)

3.12 (3.41)

3.11 (3.37)

1.02 (0.96, 1.08)

0.6

  
  1. *Race and/or ethnicity were categorized as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or non-Hispanic Other, which included American Indian or Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Language was categorized as English, Chinese, Vietnamese, Spanish, or Other, which included Bosnian (n = 4), Portuguese (n = 4), and Cape Verdean (n = 3), among others
  2. †Patients with “NA” listed as their preferred language were assumed to be English speakers as this section of the intake form is used to indicate the need for an interpreter; we confirmed through personal communication with clinic staff that “English” or “NA” is typically used to indicate patients that do not need an interpreter
  3. ‡Insurance was categorized as public, private, or uninsured based on information provided by the Massachusetts Division of Insurance [47]
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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