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Table 7 Speculated effects of system access on observed outcomes

From: Rural–urban differences in health service utilization in upper-middle and high-income countries: a scoping review

Sector Focus

Rural Utilization Level

N studies

Postulated cause

Negative access to target service

Negative access to complementary service

Primary

Positive (higher)

18

-

7

Negative (less)

75

30

-

Mixed or no difference

24

-

-

Secondary

Positive (higher)

35

-

21

Negative (less)

56

29

-

Mixed or no difference

31

-

-