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Table 1 Demographics, Health Disparities, Health indicators, and medical history of hospitalized encounters stratified by race

From: The impact of health disparities on peripheral vascular access outcomes in hospitalized patients: an observational study

Variables

All

American Indian or Alaska Native

Asian

Black or African American

White or Caucasian

Other

p value

  

n

144,524

484 (0.3%)

2,908 (2.0%)

38,956 (27.0%)

97,069 (67.2%)

5,107 (3.5%)

 

Demographics

       
 

Age, category

      

< 0.001

  

18–64

61,003 (42.2%)

242 (50.0%)

1304 (44.8%)

21,427 (55.0%)

35,683 (36.8%)

2347 (46.0%)

 
  

65–80

50,188 (34.7%)

142 (29.3%)

985 (33.9%)

12,090 (31.0%)

35,303 (36.4%)

1668 (32.7%)

 
  

> 80

33,333 (23.1%)

100 (20.7%)

619 (21.3%)

5439 (14.0%)

26,083 (26.9%)

1092 (21.4%)

 
 

Age, years

      

< 0.001

  

Mean

65.7 (18.3)

62.8 (17.9)

63.9 (19.0)

60.3 (18.4)

68.0 (17.8)

63.7 (19.1)

 
  

Median

68.0 (54.0, 80.0)

64.5 (50.0, 77.0)

68.0(51.0,78.0)

62.0 (47.0, 74.0)

71.0 (58.0, 81.0)

66.0 (51.0, 79.0)

 

Sex

      

< 0.001

  

Female

77,137 (53.4%)

273 (56.4%)

1461 (50.2%)

22,694 (58.3%)

50,238 (51.8%)

2471 (48.4%)

 
  

Male

67,387 (46.6%)

211 (43.6%)

1447 (49.8%)

16,262 (41.7%)

46,831 (48.2%)

2636 (51.6%)

 
 

Body mass index, kg/m2

    

< 0.001

  

Mean

29.2 (8.3)

30.2 (8.9)

25.4 (5.9)

30.5 (9.5)

28.76 (7.8)

28.98 (7.15)

 
  

Median

27.7 (23.5, 33.2)

28.9 (23.8, 34.8)

24.6(21.6,28.2)

28.8 (23.8, 35.3)

27.4 (23.5, 32.5)

27.9 (24.1, 32.5)

  

Not documented

253

0

9

62

162

20

 
 

Body mass index, category

     

< 0.001

  

Underweight

6681 (4.6%)

22 (4.5%)

220 (7.6%)

1957 (5.0%)

4333 (4.5%)

149 (2.9%)

 
  

Healthy weight

42,016 (29.1%)

122 (25.2%)

1349 (46.5%)

10,093 (26.0%)

29,050 (30.0%)

1402 (27.6%)

 
  

Overweight

41,003 (28.4%)

137 (28.3%)

864 (29.8%)

9556 (24.6%)

28,812 (29.7%)

1634 (32.1%)

 
  

Obesity

54,571 (37.8%)

203 (41.9%)

466 (16.1%)

17,288 (44.4%)

34,712 (35.8%)

1902 (37.4%)

 
  

Not documented

253

0

9

62

162

20

 

NIMHD Health Disparities

      
 

Ethnicity

      

< 0.001

  

Hispanic/Latino

1534 (1.1%)

11 (2.3%)

23 (0.8%)

104 (0.3%)

931 (1.0%)

465 (9.1%)

 
  

Non Hispanic/Latino

131,394 (90.9%)

406 (83.9%)

2342 (80.5%)

37,751 (96.9%)

88,947 (91.6%)

1948 (38.1%)

 
  

Not documented

11,596 (8.0%)

67 (13.8%)

543 (18.7%)

1101 (2.8%)

7191 (7.4%)

2694 (52.8%)

 
 

Percentage of population with an

income to poverty ratio under 1.00

    

< 0.001

  

0–19%

117,657 (81.5%)

407 (84.1%)

2626 (90.4%)

18,516 (47.6%)

91,656 (94.5%)

4452 (87.3%)

 
  

20–39%

25,206 (17.5%)

67 (13.8%)

178 (6.1%)

19,472 (50.0%)

4980 (5.1%)

509 (10.0%)

 
  

40–59%

1561 (1.1%)

10 (2.1%)

101 (3.5%)

932 (2.4%)

381 (0.4%)

137 (2.7%)

 
  

60–79%

1 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 
  

Not documented

99

0

3

36

51

9

 
 

Population Size of Home Zip Code

     

< 0.001

  

Metropolitan

142,797 (98.8%)

473 (97.7%)

2899 (99.8%)

38,917 (99.9%)

95,472 (98.4%)

5036 (98.8%)

 
  

Micropolitan

515 (0.4%)

6 (1.2%)

5 (0.2%)

20 (0.1%)

469 (0.5%)

15 (0.3%)

 
  

Rural

1151 (0.8%)

5 (1.0%)

1 (0.0%)

16 (0.0%)

1082 (1.1%)

47 (0.9%)

 
  

Not documented

61

0

3

3

46

9

 
 

Self-reported Gender Identity

     

< 0.001

  

Non-Cisgender Identity

114 (0.4%)

1 (0.6%)

3 (0.4%)

18 (0.3%)

89 (0.4%)

3 (0.4%)

 
  

Cis Female

17,862 (55.7%)

110 (61.5%)

336 (47.3%)

4012 (66.2%)

13,015 (53.3%)

389 (53.1%)

 
  

Cis Male

14,101 (44.0%)

68 (38.0%)

371 (52.3%)

2026 (33.5%)

11,296 (46.3%)

340 (46.4%)

 
  

Not documented

112,447

305

2198

32,900

72,669

4375

 

Healthy People 2030 Health Indicators

      
 

History of Drug Overdose

     

< 0.001

  

Yes

3533 (2.4%)

8 (1.7%)

53 (1.8%)

802 (2.1%)

2634 (2.7%)

36 (0.7%)

 
 

History of Suicide Attempt

     

< 0.001

  

Yes

457 (0.3%)

3 (0.6%)

4 (0.1%)

99 (0.3%)

348 (0.4%)

3 (0.1%)

 
 

Air Quality Index

      

< 0.001

  

Good

104,635 (74.0%)

393 (84.2%)

2604 (90.4%)

14,926 (38.5%)

82,399 (87.4%)

4313 (86.1%)

 
  

Moderate

36,724 (26.0%)

74 (15.8%)

278 (9.6%)

23,826 (61.5%)

11,852 (12.6%)

694 (13.9%)

 
  

Not documented

3165

17

26

204

2818

100

 
 

Active health insurance (< 65 years old)

     

0.431

  

Yes

60,297 (98.8%)

239 (98.8%)

1293 (99.2%)

21,173 (98.8%)

35,280 (98.9%)

2312 (98.5%)

 

Medical History

       
 

Charlson Comorbidity Index

     

< 0.001

  

0

63,183 (43.7%)

214 (44.2%)

1302 (44.8%)

15,660 (40.2%)

43,363 (44.7%)

2644 (51.8%)

 
  

1–2

36,981 (25.6%)

113 (23.3%)

601 (20.7%)

10,655 (27.4%)

24,617 (25.4%)

995 (19.5%)

 
  

3–4

19,170 (13.3%)

65 (13.4%)

356 (12.2%)

6144 (15.8%)

12,158 (12.5%)

447 (8.8%)

 
  

≥ 5

10,187 (7.0%)

38 (7.9%)

189 (6.5%)

2976 (7.6%)

6778 (7.0%)

206 (4.0%)

 
  

Not documented

15,003 (10.4%)

54 (11.2%)

460 (15.8%)

3521 (9.0%)

10,153 (10.5%)

815 (16.0%)

 
 

Self-reported tobacco use

     

< 0.001

  

Current Smoker

20,120 (14.5%)

82 (17.4%)

142 (5.1%)

6723 (18.2%)

12,601 (13.4%)

572 (11.8%)

 
  

Former Smoker

55,397 (39.8%)

176 (37.4%)

681 (24.5%)

12,550 (34.0%)

40,394 (42.9%)

1596 (33.1%)

 
  

Never Smoker

63,719 (45.8%)

213 (45.2%)

1951 (70.3%)

17,627 (47.8%)

41,268 (43.8%)

2660 (55.1%)

 
  

Not documented

5288

13

134

2056

2806

279

 
 

Self-reported alcohol use

     

< 0.001

  

Active user

18,808 (37.9%)

50 (29.2%)

196 (19.6%)

4265 (34.3%)

13,726 (40.2%)

571 (31.1%)

 
  

Former user

8617 (17.4%)

27 (15.8%)

166 (16.6%)

2269 (18.3%)

5881 (17.2%)

274 (14.9%)

 
  

Never user

22,171 (44.7%)

94 (55.0%)

637 (63.8%)

5894 (47.4%)

14,556 (42.6%)

990 (54.0%)

 
  

Not documented

94,928

313

1909

26,528

62,906

3272

 
 

Self-reported illicit substance use

     

< 0.001

  

Active user

5912 (12.2%)

21 (12.6%)

18 (1.9%)

2264 (18.5%)

3475 (10.5%)

134 (7.6%)

 
  

Former user

3576 (7.4%)

9 (5.4%)

47 (4.9%)

1264 (10.3%)

2154 (6.5%)

102 (5.8%)

 
  

Never user

38,894 (80.4%)

137 (82.0%)

900 (93.3%)

8703 (71.2%)

27,618 (83.1%)

1536 (86.7%)

 
  

Not documented

96,142

317

1943

26,725

63,822

3335

 
  1. Abbreviations: NIMHD = National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
  2. For continuous variables, medians (interquartile ranges, IQRs) and means (standard deviation, SD) were presented. For categorical variables, frequencies (percentage) were presented