Table 1 The Pap smear utilization by demographic characteristics among women with visual impairments, with t-test and Chi-square significance indicated
From: The utilization and barriers of Pap smear among women with visual impairment
Variables | No experience n = 106 (%) | Ever using n = 210 (%) | Chi-square/t-test |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Age (n = 316) | 41.44 ± 15.60 | 49.95 ± 8.85 | −5.210*** |
15 ~ 29 | 36 (34.0) | 6 (2.9) | 59.139*** |
30 ~ 64 | 70 (66.0) | 204 (97.1) | |
Marriage (n = 306) | |||
Married | 50 (48.1) | 171 (84.7) | 75.701*** |
Unmarried | 50 (48.1) | 12 (5.9) | |
Others | 4 (3.8) | 19 (9.4) | |
Education (n = 292) | |||
Elementary school diploma and lower | 22 (22.4) | 77 (39.7) | 15.913*** |
High school diploma | 54 (34.8) | 101 (52.1) | |
University and higher | 22 (55.2) | 16 (8.2) | |
Employee status (n = 306) | |||
No | 66 (63.5) | 174 (86.1) | 33.857*** |
Yes | 25 (24.0) | 28 (13.9) | |
Student | 13 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
Severity of disability (n = 316) | |||
Mild | 32 (30.2) | 95 (45.2) | 6.641* |
Moderate | 37 (34.9) | 57 (27.1) | |
Severe | 37 (34.9) | 58 (27.7) | |
The causes of disability (n = 292) | |||
Inborn (congenital) | 41 (39.8) | 49 (25.9) | 101.93*** |
Acquired | 62 (60.2) | 140 (74.1) | |
Gynecology experiences (n = 313) | |||
No | 43 (41.0) | 3 (1.4) | 101.93*** |
Ever: before 1 year | 39 (37.1) | 66 (31.7) | |
Ever: during 1 year | 23 (21.9) | 139 (66.9) | |
Prefer gynecologist with female (n = 306) | |||
No | 38 (37.3) | 93 (45.6) | 1.929 |
Yes | 64 (62.7) | 111 (54.4) | |
Main care giver (n = 312) | |||
Care-self | 6 (5.8) | 6 (2.9) | 74.845*** |
Mother and sisters | 49 (47.1) | 14 (6.7) | |
Daughter and daughter in law | 26 (25.0) | 91 (43.8) | |
Husband | 19 (18.3) | 81 (38.9) | |
Others | 4 (3.8) | 16 (7.7) | |
Did you get any suggestions about pap smear from caregiver (n = 275) | |||
No | 67 (80.7) | 149 (77.6) | 0.334 |
Yes | 16 (19.3) | 43 (22.4) | |